James II and VII (14 October 1633 O.S. – 16 September 1701) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685. He was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was the last Catholic monarch of England, Scotland, and Ireland. His reign is now remembered primarily for conflicts over religious tolerance, but it also involved struggles over the principles of absolutism and the divine right of kings. His deposition ended a century of political and civil strife in England by confirming the primacy of the English Parliament over the Crown.

King of England, Scotland and Ireland
Reign: 6 February 1685 - 23 December 1688
Coronation: 23 April 1685
Predecessor: Charles II
Successor: Mary II and William III & II

Born: 14 October 1633
           St James's Palace, Westminster,
           England
Died: 16 September 1701 (aged 67)
           Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye,
           France
Burial: Church of the English Benedictines,
              Paris, France
Spouse: Anne Hyde (m. 1660; died 1671)
               Mary of Modena (m. 1673)
Issue: Charles, Duke of Cambridge.
            Mary II, Queen of England, Scotland and
            Ireland.
            James, Duke of Cambridge.
            Anne, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland.
            Charles, Duke of Kendal.
            Edgar, Duke of Cambridge.
            Lady Henrietta Stuart.
            Lady Catherine Stuart.
            Lady Catherine Laura Stuart.
            Lady Isabella Stuart.
            Charles, Duke of Cambridge.
            Lady Elizabeth Stuart.
            Lady Charlotte Maria Stuart.
            James, Prince of Wales "The Old
            Pretender".
            Princess Louisa Maria Teresa.
            Henrietta Butler, Viscountess Galmoye
           (ill.).
           James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (ill.).
           Henry FitzJames, 1st Duke of Albemarle
           (ill.).
           Arabella FitzJames (ill.).
           Catherine Sheffield, Duchess of
           Buckingham and Normanby (ill.).
           James Darnley (ill.).
           Charles Darnley (ill.).
House: Stuart
Father: Charles I of England
Mother: Henrietta Maria of France
Religion: Anglicanism (1633-1668)
                 Catholicism (1668-1701)
Signature:

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Anne Hyde (12 March 1637 – 31 March 1671) was the first wife of James, Duke of York, who later became King James II and VII.

Born: 12 March 1637
           Windsor, Berkshire,
           England
Died: 31 March 1671 (aged 34)
           St James's Palace, Westminster,
           Middlesex, England
Burial: 5 April 1671
              Westminster Abbey, Westminster,
              Middlesex, England
Spouse: James, Duke of York and Albany
               (later James VII and II)(m. 1660)
Issue: Charles, Duke of Cambridge.
            Mary II, Queen of England, Scotland and
            Ireland.
            James, Duke of Cambridge.
            Anne, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland.
            Charles, Duke of Kendal.
            Edgar, Duke of Cambridge.
            Lady Henrietta Stuart.
            Lady Catherine Stuart.
Father: Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon
Mother: Frances Aylesbury
Religion: Roman Catholic prev. Anglican
Signature:

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Mary of Modena (Italian: Maria Beatrice Eleonora Anna Margherita Isabella d'Este; 5 October [O.S. 25 September] 1658 – 7 May [O.S. 26 April] 1718) was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland as the second wife of James II and VII. A devout Catholic, Mary married the widower James, who was then the younger brother and heir presumptive of Charles II. She was devoted to James and their children, two of whom survived to adulthood: the Jacobite claimant to the thrones, James Francis Edward, and Louisa Maria Teresa.

Queen Consort of England, Scotland and Ireland
Tenure: 6 February 1685 - 11 December 1688
Coronation: 23 April 1685

Born: 5 October 1658
           Ducal Palace, Modena,
           Duchy of Modena and Reggio
Died: 7 May 1718 (aged 59)
           Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye,
           Paris, France
Burial: Convent of the Visitations, Chaillot,
              France
Spouse: James II of England (m. 1673; died 1701)
Issue: Lady Catherine Laura Stuart.
            Lady Isabella Stuart.
            Charles, Duke of Cambridge.
            Lady Elizabeth Stuart.
            Lady Charlotte Maria Stuart.
            James, Prince of Wales "The Old
            Pretender".
            Princess Louisa Maria Teresa.
Names: Maria Beatrice Eleonora Anna
               Margherita Isabella d'Este
House: Este
Father: Alfonso IV, Duke of Modena
Mother: Laura Martinozzi
Religion: Roman Catholicism
Signature:

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